Smart-city projects run by a research institution

Run or led by a university, research institute or laboratory.

A small group with a distinctive shape: research-run projects are the best documented in the atlas and the least likely to outlive their funding. A university runs a system for the length of a grant, publishes what it found, and the deployment ends with the project rather than being handed to anyone. That combination is why this group is over-represented among peer-reviewed evidence and under-represented among long-running services.

Membership here is decided by the data, not by an editor: every published entry whose recorded operator is of this kind appears below. An entry can name more than one kind of operator, so it can appear on more than one of these pages.

✔ Every published entry is checked against the public sources it cites before publication.

All 56 entries

The rest of the record

Each of these is the same kind of page — a slice of the atlas whose membership is decided by a field rather than by an editor.